11. What aspect of panel paintings does the passage mainly discuss?

　　(A) Famous examples

　　(B) Different styles

　　(C) Restoration

　　(D) Production

12. According to the passage, what does the first step in making a panel painting ?

　　(A) Mixing the paint

　　(B) Preparing the panel

　　(C) Buying the gold leaf

　　(D) Making ink drawings

13. The word "it" in line 4 refers to .

　　(A) chalk

　　(B) composition

　　(C) artist

　　(D) surface

14. The word "deliberate" in line 5 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) decisive

　　(B) careful

　　(C) natural

　　(D) unusual

15. Which of the following processes produced the translucent colors found on panel paintings? (A) Joining wooden planks to form large sheets

　　(B) Polishing the gesso

　　(C) Applying many layers of paint

　　(D) Covering the background with gold leaf

16. What characteristic of tempera paint is mentioned in the passage ?

　　(A) It dries quickly

　　(B) It is difficut to make

　　(C) It dissolves easily

　　(D) It has to be applied directly to wood

17. The word "demanded" in line 17 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) ordered

　　(B) reported

　　(C) required

　　(D) questioned

18. The "collective enterprise" mentioned in line 18 includes all of the following EXCEPT

　　(A) supplying the gold leaf

　　(B) building the panels

　　(C) applying the paint

　　(D) selling the painting

19. The word "imitate" in line 22 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) copy

　　(B) illustrate

　　(C) promote

　　(D) believe in

20. The author mentions all of the following as problems with the survival of panel painting EXCEPT

　　(A) condition

　　(B) theft

　　(C) preservation

　　(D) restoration

21. The word "them" in line 27 refers to

　　(A) problems

　　(B) condition, restoration, preservation

　　(C) panel paintings

　　(D) museum collections