More recently, professional archaeologists have taken over. These researchers have sought to demonstrate that their work can be a valuable tool not only of science but alsoof history, providing fresh insights into the daily lives of ordinary people whose existencesmight not otherwise be so well documented. This newer emphasis on archaeology asocial history has shown great promise, and indeed work done in this area has lead to a reinterpretation of the United States past.

In Kingston, New York, for example, evidence has uncovered that indicates thatEnglish goods were being smuggled into that city at a time when the Dutch supposedlycontrolled trading in the area. And in Sacramento an excavation at site of a fashionable nineteenth-century hotel revealed that garbage had been stashed in the building’sbasement despite sanitation laws to the contrary.

42. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) Why historical archaeology was first developed

(B) How the methods and purpose of historical archaeology have changed

(C) The contributions architects make to historical archaeology

(D) The attitude of professional archaeologists toward historical archaeology

43. According to the first paragraph., what is a relatively new focus in archaeology?

(A) Investigating the recess past

(B) Studying prehistoric cultures

(C) Excavating ancient sites in what is now the United States.

(D) Comparng ancient sites in what is now the United States.

44. According to the passage, when had historical archaeologists been trained as anthropologists?

(A) Prior to the 1930’s

(B) During the 1930’s and 1940’s

(C) During the 1950’s and 1960’s

(D) After the 1960’s

45. The word "framed" in line 13 is closest in meaning to

(A) understood

(B) read

(C) avoided

(D) posed

46. In the third paragraph, the author implies that the techniques of history and the techniques of social science are

(A) quite different from each other

(B) equally useful in studying prehistoric cultures

(C) usually taught to students of archaeology

(D) both based on similar principles

47. The phrase "their contributions" in line 16 refers to the contributions of

(A) social scientists

(B) prehistoric cultures

(C) historians

(D) documentation and knowledge

48. The author mentions an excavation at the site of a hotel in Sacramento in order to give an example of

(A) a building reconstruction project

(B) the work of the earliest historical archaeologists

(C) a finding that conflicts with written records

(D) the kind of information that historians routinely examine

49. The word "supposedly" in line 26 is closest in meaning to

(A) ruthlessly

(B) tightly

(C) barely

(D) seemingly

50. The word "sanitation" in line 29 is closest in meaning to

(A) city

(B) housing

(C) health

(D) trade