文书是留学中必不可少的一部分，可是大家往往对文书不是很熟悉，经常会出现这样那样的错误，那怎样才可以顺利过文书这一关呢?留学e网今天就告诉大家如何十招搞定文书写作。
1、采用主动语态
每一个完整的句子都以其强有力的主动动词为基础。但是在以下这些情况下则需要运用被动语态：想要强调动作而非动作的执行者本身的时候;不提及动作的执行者显得更加周全的时候;为了强调某一种状态，而动作的执行者不为人所知或者不重要时;为了听起来更加权威可靠时;
2、减少冗长的短语
运用一些简洁简单的词语来代替长短语。
|
Meaning: |
Use |
|
想要解释一些事情时 |
because, since, why |
|
展现冲突时 |
although, even, though |
|
表示条件时 |
if |
|
表示必要性，义务时 |
must, should |
|
表示能力时 |
can |
|
表示几率可能性时 |
may, might, can, could |
3、省掉一些不必要的介词短语
减少使用介词短语的几率，尤其是想要表达所属格的时候(运用所有格符号’+s).尽量不要让你的句子中充斥着太多的介词短语;因为它们会使得你偏离句子的主体以及动作本身
4、避免一些填充式的句式，如It is.....; there is/are.
这些句子结构会让读者的注意力偏离主体以及动作本身。
例：
Instead of : It was his generous attitude that impressed me most.
Write: His generous attitude impressed me most.
显然第二个句式显得更加简洁有力，而且主体动作都很明确。
5、不要用太多含糊不清的名词(尤其是在介词短语中)
这些名词不仅会导致句子冗长，而且它们并不能很好地表达某一个观点。
以下这些名词尽量避免：factor;aspect;area;situation;consideration;degree;case
例：
Instead of: Strong writing skills are a crucial factor in students' academic success.
Write: Students' academic success depends on strong writing skills.
6、不要假装一副博学的样子
不要在你的写作中穿插一些夸张或者过于晦涩的词语来装腔作势，选择一个更加简单且能够表达同样意思的词语吧。
7、避免名词链
除非读者对于你所用的术语非常熟悉，否则的话不要用太多拥有连续名词的短语。
例：
Instead of: Our company has developed an employee performance enhancement program.
Write: Our company has developed a program for enhancing the employee’s performance.
8、运用过渡词将你所要表达的观点以及各个段落之间进行链接
这些将有助于你的读者弄懂你的写作逻辑。在运用某一个过渡词之前，确保它要和文章所表达的逻辑相匹配。
|
过渡词表达的含义 |
Examples |
|
加入新的观点 |
Furthermore, moreover, too, also, in the second place, again, in addition, even more, next, further, last, lastly, finally, besides, and, or, nor, first second, secondly, etc. |
|
表达时间 |
While, immediately, never, After, later, earlier, always, When, soon, whenever, Meanwhile, sometimes, in the meantime, during, afterwards, now, until now, next, following, then, at length, simultaneously, so far, this time, subsequently, |
|
表达地点 |
Here, beyond, adjacent to, there, wherever, neighbouring on, nearby, opposite to, above, below |
|
举例 |
to illustrate, as an illustration, to demonstrate, e. g., (for example)specifically, for example, for instance |
|
同种对比 |
in the same way, in like manner by the same token, likewise similarly, in similar fashion |
|
反差对比 |
Yet, on the contrary, but, and yet, in contrast, however, nevertheless, notwithstanding, though, nonetheless on the other hand, otherwise, after all, at the same time |
|
解释 |
that is to say, to clarify, in other words, to rephrase it, to explain, to put it another way, i. e., (that is) |
|
表达原因 |
Because, on account of, since, for that reason |
|
表达结果 |
Therefore, thus, consequently, hence, accordingly, as a result |
|
隐含的目的 |
in order that, to that end, to this end, so that, for this purpose |
|
强调 |
Indeed, undoubtedly, to repeat, in fact, certainly, by all means, surely, without doubt,of course |
|
做总结 |
to summarize, in short, in brief in sum, in summary, to sum up, in conclusion, to conclude, finally. |
9、控制句子的长度
最佳的句子长多包含15-20个单词。
但这并不意味着你必须要把每个句子按照这个标准进行缩减。句子的长度以及韵律有所变化反而更好。试着将长短句甚至是省略结构相结合吧!
10、谨慎运用缩略词以及首字母缩写
对于缩略词的运用普遍的建议是当你第一次在文章中运用时最好写其全称。如果你所运用的缩略词众所周知的话，就不必解释。如果大家都知道一个缩略词的某一个意思，而你偏偏想用其他的意思时，那么最好不要用这个缩略词。任何写作无论它的篇幅多少，其中最多运用2-3个缩略语为宜。
关于文书的写作技巧，希望留学e网为大家介绍的可以对大家有帮助，若大家在留学中还有其他问题的话，可以随时向留学e网老师咨询。
