Questions 12-19

The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded annually and the first woman to win this prize was Baroness Bertha Felicie Sophie von Suttner in 1905. In fact, her work inspired the creation of the Prize. The first American woman to win this prize was Jane Addams, in 1931. However, Addams is best known as the founder of Hull House.

Jane Addams was born in 1860, into a wealthy family. She was one of a small number of women in her generation to graduate from college. Her commitment to improving the lives of those around her led her to work for social reform and world peace. In the 1880s Jane Addams travelled to Europe. While she was in London, she visited a ‘settlement house’ called Toynbee Hall. Inspired by Toynbee Hall, Addams and her friend, Ellen Gates Starr, opened Hull House in a neighborhood of slums in Chiacago in 1899. Hull House provided a day care center for children of working mothers, a community kitchen, and visiting nurses. Addams and her staff gave classes in English literacy, art, and other subjects. Hull House also became a meeting place for clubs and labor unions. Most of the people who worked with Addams in Hull House were well educated, middle-class women. Hull House gave them an opportunity to use their education and it provided a training ground for careers in social work.

12 With which of the following subjects is the passage mainly concerned?

(a) The first award of the Nobel Peace Prize to an American woman

(b) A woman’s work for social reform and world peace

(c) The early development of Social Work in America

(d) Contributions of educated women to American society

13 Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

(a) the work of Baroness Bertha Felicie Sophie von Suttner was an inspiration

to Jane Addams

(b) Jane Addams is most famous for her opening of Hull House

(c) those who lived near Hull House had very poor literacy skills

(d) Jane addams considered herself as a citizen of the world rather than of one particular country

14 The word “commitment” in line 6 is closest in meaning to

(a) involvement

(b) obligation

(c) dedication

(d) enthusiasm

15 Jane Addams was inspired to open Hull House because:

(a) it gave educated women an opportunity to use their education and dev

careers in social work

(b) she traveled to Europe in the 1880s

(c) she visited Toynbee Hall

(d) she was invited by a ‘settlement house’ in Chicago

16 The word “their” in line 15 refers to

(a) children of working mothers

(b) middle-class women

(c) visiting nurses

(b) labor union members

17 The word “contemporaries” in line 18 is closest in meaning to

(a) people of the same time

(b) famous people still alive

(c) elected officials

(d) people old enough to vote

18 According to the passage, Jane Addams’ reputation was damaged when she

(a) allowed Hull House to become a meeting place for clubs and labor unions

(c) joined in the movement for women’s suffrage

(c) became a founding member of the NAACP

(d) opposed America’s involvement in World War I

19 Where in the passage does the author mention the services provided by Hull House?

(a) lines 5-10

(b) lines 10-15

(c) lines 15-20

(d) lines 20-25

Questions 20-29

The medieval artists didn’t know about perspective; they didn’t want to make their people look like real, individual people in a real, individual scene. They wanted to show the truth, the eternal quality of their religious stories. So these artists didn’t need to know about perspective.

In the European Renaissance period, artists wanted to show the importance of the

individual person and his or her possessions and surroundings. A flat medieval style couldn’t show this level of reality and the artists needed a new technique. It was the Italian artist Brunelleschi who discovered the technique of perspective drawing. At first the artists of the Renaissance only had single-point perspective. Later they realized that they could have two-pointed perspective and still later multi-point perspective.

With two-point perspective they could turn an object (like a building) at an angle to the picture and draw two sides of it. The technique of perspective which seems so natural to us now is an invented technique, a part of the “grammar of painting”. Like all bits of grammar there are exceptions about perspective. For example, only vertical and horizontal surfaces seem to meet on eye level. Sloping roof tops don’t meet on eye level.

For 500 years, artists in Europe made use of perspective drawing in their pictures. Nevertheless, there are a range of priorities that artists in displaying individual styles. Crivelli wanted to show depth in his picture and he used a simple single-point perspective. Cezanne always talked about space and volume. Van Gogh, like some of the other painters of the Impressionist period, was interested in Japanese prints. And Japanese artists until this century were always very strong designers of “flat” pictures. Picasso certainly made pictures which have volume and depth. However, he wanted to keep our eyes on the surface and to remind us that his paintings are paintings and not illusions.

It is technically easy to give an illusion of depth. However, a strong two dimensional design is just as important as a feeling of depth, and perhaps more important.

20 The passage mainly discusses

(a) the difference between medieval and Renaissance art

(b) how the technique of perspective influenced the modern art

(c) the discovery of the technique of perspective

(d) the contribution of Renaissance artists

21 The word “eternal” in line 3 is closest in meaning to

(a) timeless

(b) infinite

(c) frequent

(d) constant

22 According to the passage, which is the main concern for medieval artists?

(a) the individual person and his/her possessions and surroundings

(b) real people, real scenes

(c) eternal timeless truth of the earth

(d) themes of religious stories

23 The discovery of perspective was the result of

(a) Renaissance artists’ to prove that the medieval artists could show level of reality

(b) the need to turn an object at an angle and draw more than one side of it

(c) the subject being shifted from religious stories to individual person and

surroundings.

(d) natural evolution of human senses

24 The word “it” in line 12 refers to

(a) the picture

(b) perspective

(c) angle

(d) the object

25 The word “Grammar ” in line 13 is closest in meaning to

(a) construction

(b) grammatical rules

(c) rules and regulations

(d) tones and volume

26 The author’s purpose to give the example in line14-15 is to

(a) explain how perspective work in painting

(b) support two-pointed perspective

(c) illustrate that there are exceptions about perspective

d) point out that the technique of perspective though seems so natural is an invented technique

27 The following artists’ priorities in style shift away from perspective except

(a) Crivelli

(b) Cezanne

(c) Japanese artists

(d) Brunelleschi

28 The word ”Illusion” in line 25 is closest in meaning to

(a) deception

(b) photograph

(c) decoration

(d) illustration

29 It can be inferred from the passage that Renaissance artists

(a) embraced the medieval style of eternal truth

(b) needed to develop a new approach towards painting to show a new level of reality

(c) were inspired by vertical and horizontal surfaces in inventing the technique of perspective

(d) saw two dimensional design more important than a feeling of depth