The speaker questions the effectiveness of A by providing evidences contradictory to the reading.

The speaker raises serious counterarguments against the reading paragraphs by providing drastically different evidences regarding A, B and C.

The speaker rebuts the reading’s argument by pointing out the inadequacy of A ,B and C.

Firstly, the speaker admits that….(R), as it is stated/demonstrated in the reading material/ as the reading argues. However,… It is not necessarily help/benefit/ conducive/instrumental to……,as the reading argues. On the contrary, A……will be more susceptible to …… For example,….

In addition,

Lastly, s for the new…., the speaker in the listening material does not challenge the reading directly. Instead, he argues/ states that the new….

The speaker begins by stating that merely…… Despite the …., as laid out in the reading, A can solely …

Then the speaker goes on to argue that A has …., thus not being able to …, as the reading states, due to the fact that…

Lastly, the speaker challenges the validity of the assumption of….. the reading material argues that …., but the speaker embraces that ….In contrast, it is an essential way of …

The speaker challenges the reasoning that supports …, and provides very specific alternatives to …

The speaker first argues that…..According to the reading, ….. the speaker rebuts this point and argues that….

As for the reading’s concern’s that…, the speaker prefers a solution…..

First, the speaker points out that…. Instead, ….

Another argument raised in the lectures is that ….

In the end, the speaker maintains that….although the reading….（编辑：雨巷）